【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforLoadControlledCyclicTriaxialStrengthofSoil
【原文标准名称】:土壤的负荷控制三向疲劳强度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5311-1992(2004)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1992
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.09
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:consolidated-undrainedtests;cohesionlesssoils;laboratorytests;liquefaction;triaxialtests;Axialstrain;Cohesionlesssoil;Consolidated-undrainedtests;Cyclicstrengthtests;Liquefaction;Loadcontrolledcyclictriaxialtechnique;Loadingt
【摘要】:Cyclictriaxialstrengthtestresultsareusedforevaluatingtheabilityofasoiltoresisttheshearstressesinducedinasoilmassduetoearthquakeorothercyclicloading.Cyclictriaxialstrengthtestsmaybeperformedatdifferentvaluesofeffectiveconfiningpressureonisotropicallyconsolidatedspecimenstoprovidedatarequiredforestimatingthecyclicstabilityofasoil.Cyclictriaxialstrengthtestsmaybeperformedatasingleeffectiveconfiningpressure,usuallyequalto14.5lb/in.2(100kN/m2),oralternatepressuresasappropriateonisotropicallyconsolidatedspecimenstocomparecyclicstrengthresultsforaparticularsoiltypewiththatofothersoils,Ref(2).Thecyclictriaxialtestisacommonlyusedtechniquefordeterminingcyclicsoilstrength.Cyclicstrengthdependsuponmanyfactors,includingdensity,confiningpressure,appliedcyclicshearstress,stresshistory,grainstructure,ageofsoildeposit,specimenpreparationprocedure,andthefrequency,uniformity,andshapeofthecyclicwaveform.Thus,closeattentionmustbegiventotestingdetailsandequipment.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthecyclicstrength(sometimescalledtheliquefactionpotential)ofsaturatedsoilsineitherundisturbedorreconstitutedstatesbytheload-controlledcyclictriaxialtechnique.1.2Thecyclicstrengthofasoilisevaluatedrelativetoanumberoffactors,including:thedevelopmentofaxialstrain,magnitudeofappliedcyclicstress,numberofcyclesofstressapplication,developmentofexcesspore-waterpressure,andstateofeffectivestress.Acomprehensivereviewoffactorsaffectingcyclictriaxialtestresultsiscontainedintheliterature(1).1.3Cyclictriaxialstrengthtestsareconductedunderundrainedconditionstosimulateessentiallyundrainedfieldconditionsduringearthquakeorothercyclicloading.1.4Cyclictriaxialstrengthtestsaredestructive.Failuremaybedefinedonthebasisofthenumberofstresscyclesrequiredtoreachalimitingstrainor100%porepressureratio.SeeSection3forTerminology.1.5Thistestmethodisgenerallyapplicablefortestingcohesionlessfreedrainingsoilsofrelativelyhighpermeability.Whentestingwell-gradedmaterials,silts,orclays,itshouldberecognizedthatpore-waterpressuresmonitoredatthespecimenendstonotingeneralrepresentpore-waterpressurevaluesthroughoutthespecimen.However,thistestmethodmaybefollowedwhentestingmostsoiltypesifcareistakentoensurethatproblemsoilsreceivespecialconsiderationwhentestedandwhentestresultsareevaluated.1.6Therearecertainlimitationsinherentinusingcyclictriaxialteststosimulatethestressandstrainconditionsofasoilelementinthefieldduringanearthquake.1.6.1Nonuniformstressconditionswithinthetestspecimenareimposedbythespecimenendplatens.Thiscancausearedistributionofvoidratiowithinthespecimenduringthetest.1.6.2A90x00B0;changeinthedirectionofthemajorprincipalstressoccursduringthetwohalvesoftheloadingcycleonisotropicallyconsolidatedspecimens.1.6.3Themaximumcyclicshearstressthatcanbeappliedtothespecimeniscontrolledbythestressconditionsattheendofconsolidationandthepore-waterpressuresgeneratedduringtesting.Foranisotropicallyconsolidatedcontractive(volumedecreasing)specimentestedincycliccompression,themaximumcyclicshearstressthatcanbeappliedtothespecimenisequaltoone-halfoftheinitialtotalaxialpressure.Sincecohesionlesssoilsarenotcapableoftak......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Industrialelectroheatinstallations;particularrequirementsforinductionandconductionheatinginstallationsandinductionmeltinginstallations
【原文标准名称】:工业电热设备.电感和电导加热设备以及感应溶化设备的特殊安全规定
【标准号】:DINVDE0721-211-1992
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1992-11
【实施或试行日期】:1992-11-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电热;冶金炉;安全工程;电阻炉;电加热装置;电接触保护;工作场所安全;炉;规范(批准);定义;接触安全装置;安全要求;安全;冶金;接地;感应炉;工业的;工业;安全规则;电气设备;电气安全;职业安全;电气工程;设备安全;感应加热
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:K61
【国际标准分类号】:25_180_10
【页数】:9P;A4
【正文语种】:德语